Dose verification based on proton-induced positron emitters is a promising quality assurance tool and may leverage the strength of artificial intelligence. To move a step closer towards practical application, the sensitivity analysis of two factors needs to be performed: biological washout and depth selection. selection. A bi-directional recurrent neural network (RNN) model was developed. The training dataset was generated based upon a CT image-based phantom (abdomen region) and multiple beam energies/pathways, using Monte-Carlo simulation (1 mm spatial resolution, no biological washout). For the modeling of biological washout, a simplified analytical model was applied to change raw activity profiles over a period of 5 minutes, incorporating both physical decay and biological washout. For the study of depth selection (a challenge linked to multi field/angle irradiation), truncations were applied at different window lengths (100, 125, 150 mm) to raw activity profiles. Finally, the performance of a worst-case scenario was examined by combining both factors (depth selection: 125 mm, biological washout: 5 mins). The accuracy was quantitatively evaluated in terms of range uncertainty, mean absolute error (MAE) and mean relative errors (MRE). Our proposed AI framework shows good immunity to the perturbation associated with two factors. The detection of proton-induced positron emitters, combined with machine learning, has great potential to implement online patient-specific verification in proton therapy.

While deep learning-based methods for blind face restoration have achieved unprecedented success, they still suffer from two major limitations. First, most of them deteriorate when facing complex degradations out of their training data. Second, these methods require multiple constraints, e.g., fidelity, perceptual, and adversarial losses, which require laborious hyper-parameter tuning to stabilize and balance their influences. In this work, we propose a novel method named DifFace that is capable of coping with unseen and complex degradations more gracefully without complicated loss designs. The key of our method is to establish a posterior distribution from the observed low-quality (LQ) image to its high-quality (HQ) counterpart. In particular, we design a transition distribution from the LQ image to the intermediate state of a pre-trained diffusion model and then gradually transmit from this intermediate state to the HQ target by recursively applying a pre-trained diffusion model. The transition distribution only relies on a restoration backbone that is trained with $L_2$ loss on some synthetic data, which favorably avoids the cumbersome training process in existing methods. Moreover, the transition distribution can contract the error of the restoration backbone and thus makes our method more robust to unknown degradations. Comprehensive experiments show that DifFace is superior to current state-of-the-art methods, especially in cases with severe degradations. Our code and model are available at https://github.com/zsyOAOA/DifFace.

知识图（kg）嵌入在实体的学习表示和链接预测任务的关系方面表现出很大的力量。以前的工作通常将KG嵌入到单个几何空间中，例如欧几里得空间（零弯曲），双曲空间（负弯曲）或超透明空间（积极弯曲），以维持其特定的几何结构（例如，链，层次结构和环形结构）。但是，KGS的拓扑结构似乎很复杂，因为它可能同时包含多种类型的几何结构。因此，将kg嵌入单个空间中，无论欧几里得空间，双曲线空间或透明空间，都无法准确捕获KGS的复杂结构。为了克服这一挑战，我们提出了几何相互作用知识图嵌入（GIE），该图形嵌入了，该图形在欧几里得，双曲线和超级空间之间进行了交互学习的空间结构。从理论上讲，我们提出的GIE可以捕获一组更丰富的关系信息，模型键推理模式，并启用跨实体的表达语义匹配。三个完善的知识图完成基准的实验结果表明，我们的GIE以更少的参数实现了最先进的性能。

张量分解和基于距离的模型在知识图完成（KGC）中起重要作用。但是，KGC方法中的关系矩阵通常会引起高模型的复杂性，并具有过度拟合的高风险。作为一种补救措施，研究人员提出了各种不同的正规化器，例如张量核定常正规器。我们的动机是基于以下观察，即先前的工作仅着眼于参数空间的“大小”，同时留下隐含的语义信息广泛不受欢迎。为了解决这个问题，我们提出了一个新的正常化程序，即均衡规则器（ER），可以通过利用隐式语义信息来抑制过度拟合。具体而言，ER可以通过使用头部和尾部实体之间的语义模棱两可来增强模型的概括能力。此外，它是基于距离的模型和基于张量分解的模型的通用解决方案。实验结果表明，对最先进的关系预测方法有了明显的重大改进。

虽然最近基于模型的盲目单图像超分辨率（SISR）的研究已经取得了巨大的成功，但大多数人都不认为图像劣化。首先，它们总是假设图像噪声obeys独立和相同分布的（i.i.d.）高斯或拉普拉斯分布，这在很大程度上低估了真实噪音的复杂性。其次，以前的常用核前沿（例如，归一化，稀疏性）不足以保证理性内核解决方案，从而退化后续SISR任务的性能。为了解决上述问题，本文提出了一种基于模型的盲人SISR方法，该方法在概率框架下，从噪声和模糊内核的角度精心模仿图像劣化。具体而言，而不是传统的i.i.d.噪声假设，基于补丁的非i.i.d。提出噪声模型来解决复杂的真实噪声，期望增加噪声表示模型的自由度。至于模糊内核，我们新建构建一个简洁但有效的内核生成器，并将其插入所提出的盲人SISR方法作为明确的内核（EKP）。为了解决所提出的模型，专门设计了理论上接地的蒙特卡罗EM算法。综合实验证明了我们对综合性和实时数据集的最新技术的方法的优越性。

盲图修复（IR）是计算机视觉中常见但充满挑战的问题。基于经典模型的方法和最新的深度学习（DL）方法代表了有关此问题的两种不同方法，每种方法都有自己的优点和缺点。在本文中，我们提出了一种新颖的盲图恢复方法，旨在整合它们的两种优势。具体而言，我们为盲IR构建了一个普通的贝叶斯生成模型，该模型明确描绘了降解过程。在此提出的模型中，PICEL的非I.I.D。高斯分布用于适合图像噪声。它的灵活性比简单的I.I.D。在大多数常规方法中采用的高斯或拉普拉斯分布，以处理图像降解中包含的更复杂的噪声类型。为了解决该模型，我们设计了一个变异推理算法，其中所有预期的后验分布都被参数化为深神经网络，以提高其模型能力。值得注意的是，这种推论算法诱导统一的框架共同处理退化估计和图像恢复的任务。此外，利用了前一种任务中估计的降解信息来指导后一种红外过程。对两项典型的盲型IR任务进行实验，即图像降解和超分辨率，表明所提出的方法比当前最新的方法实现了卓越的性能。

Masked image modeling (MIM) performs strongly in pre-training large vision Transformers (ViTs). However, small models that are critical for real-world applications cannot or only marginally benefit from this pre-training approach. In this paper, we explore distillation techniques to transfer the success of large MIM-based pre-trained models to smaller ones. We systematically study different options in the distillation framework, including distilling targets, losses, input, network regularization, sequential distillation, etc, revealing that: 1) Distilling token relations is more effective than CLS token- and feature-based distillation; 2) An intermediate layer of the teacher network as target perform better than that using the last layer when the depth of the student mismatches that of the teacher; 3) Weak regularization is preferred; etc. With these findings, we achieve significant fine-tuning accuracy improvements over the scratch MIM pre-training on ImageNet-1K classification, using all the ViT-Tiny, ViT-Small, and ViT-base models, with +4.2%/+2.4%/+1.4% gains, respectively. Our TinyMIM model of base size achieves 52.2 mIoU in AE20K semantic segmentation, which is +4.1 higher than the MAE baseline. Our TinyMIM model of tiny size achieves 79.6% top-1 accuracy on ImageNet-1K image classification, which sets a new record for small vision models of the same size and computation budget. This strong performance suggests an alternative way for developing small vision Transformer models, that is, by exploring better training methods rather than introducing inductive biases into architectures as in most previous works. Code is available at https://github.com/OliverRensu/TinyMIM.

The recent increase in public and academic interest in preserving biodiversity has led to the growth of the field of conservation technology. This field involves designing and constructing tools that utilize technology to aid in the conservation of wildlife. In this article, we will use case studies to demonstrate the importance of designing conservation tools with human-wildlife interaction in mind and provide a framework for creating successful tools. These case studies include a range of complexities, from simple cat collars to machine learning and game theory methodologies. Our goal is to introduce and inform current and future researchers in the field of conservation technology and provide references for educating the next generation of conservation technologists. Conservation technology not only has the potential to benefit biodiversity but also has broader impacts on fields such as sustainability and environmental protection. By using innovative technologies to address conservation challenges, we can find more effective and efficient solutions to protect and preserve our planet's resources.

Different people speak with diverse personalized speaking styles. Although existing one-shot talking head methods have made significant progress in lip sync, natural facial expressions, and stable head motions, they still cannot generate diverse speaking styles in the final talking head videos. To tackle this problem, we propose a one-shot style-controllable talking face generation framework. In a nutshell, we aim to attain a speaking style from an arbitrary reference speaking video and then drive the one-shot portrait to speak with the reference speaking style and another piece of audio. Specifically, we first develop a style encoder to extract dynamic facial motion patterns of a style reference video and then encode them into a style code. Afterward, we introduce a style-controllable decoder to synthesize stylized facial animations from the speech content and style code. In order to integrate the reference speaking style into generated videos, we design a style-aware adaptive transformer, which enables the encoded style code to adjust the weights of the feed-forward layers accordingly. Thanks to the style-aware adaptation mechanism, the reference speaking style can be better embedded into synthesized videos during decoding. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our method is capable of generating talking head videos with diverse speaking styles from only one portrait image and an audio clip while achieving authentic visual effects. Project Page: https://github.com/FuxiVirtualHuman/styletalk.

Decompilation aims to transform a low-level program language (LPL) (eg., binary file) into its functionally-equivalent high-level program language (HPL) (e.g., C/C++). It is a core technology in software security, especially in vulnerability discovery and malware analysis. In recent years, with the successful application of neural machine translation (NMT) models in natural language processing (NLP), researchers have tried to build neural decompilers by borrowing the idea of NMT. They formulate the decompilation process as a translation problem between LPL and HPL, aiming to reduce the human cost required to develop decompilation tools and improve their generalizability. However, state-of-the-art learning-based decompilers do not cope well with compiler-optimized binaries. Since real-world binaries are mostly compiler-optimized, decompilers that do not consider optimized binaries have limited practical significance. In this paper, we propose a novel learning-based approach named NeurDP, that targets compiler-optimized binaries. NeurDP uses a graph neural network (GNN) model to convert LPL to an intermediate representation (IR), which bridges the gap between source code and optimized binary. We also design an Optimized Translation Unit (OTU) to split functions into smaller code fragments for better translation performance. Evaluation results on datasets containing various types of statements show that NeurDP can decompile optimized binaries with 45.21% higher accuracy than state-of-the-art neural decompilation frameworks.